Sentencing Guidelines For Crack And Powder Cocaine

Memorandum To: Robin Hudson, Justice, Supreme Court of North Carolina From: James McLean, District Attorney, 14th Judicial District, Durham County Subject: Seeking Equality in Sentencing Guidelines for Crack and Powder Cocaine Date: October 17, 2014 Most of us would agree that drug abuse and addiction is no respecter of persons. Regardless of age, race, gender, or economic status drug addiction can rear its ugly head in any situation. Like most Americans, I have personally been affected by the pitfalls of drug addiction from relatives and friends. Therefore, I have witnessed firsthand the devastation that it leaves on family members, friends, and the communities, in which they reside. Since its inception in 1986 the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, as caused more harm than good. At the start of this Act, Congress implemented maximum drug quantities initially targeted at â€Å"serious† and â€Å"major† drug traffickers. Congress concluded that 500 grams of powder cocaine would trigger a five-year mandatory minimum, and five kilograms would trigger a ten-year mandatory minimum. However, for crack cocaine the triggering quantities were significantly less. Only five grams of crack cocaine would prompt five-years and just fifty gr ams to prompt a ten-year sentence. This massive gap became known as the 100-to-1 sentencing disparity. Soon after several states began to legislate sentencing disparities between powder cocaine and crack cocaine into their criminal codes. The original targets ofShow MoreRelatedMandatory Minimum Sentencing Guidelines And Guidelines942 Words   |  4 Pagesmandatory minimum sentencing. The Committee decided the guidelines would be set the levels in the Drug Quantity Table (Hinojosa 1998). This would be done to create a set standard for levels 26 and 32. see table 1 {Table 1 About Here} These levels would work along with a standard set of program ranges that are above the statutory mandatory minimum sentencing laws (Weld 1986). Congress was not in favor of the sentencing table and told the USSC to prepare to research and present their findingsRead MoreThe Drug Enforcement Agency ( Dea )1574 Words   |  7 Pagesquantities for crack cocaine which triggered the five and ten year mandatory minimum jail sentence for crack cocaine. This created a conflict with the ratio from crack to powder cocaine because it was 100:1 meaning a person caught with crack cocaine would be more likely to serve longer jail time than a person caught with powder cocaine. The unfair ratio would get a person caught with 5 grams of crack cocaine the same amount of jail time as a person who is caught with 28 grams of powder cocaine. An issueRead MoreClassical Perspective And Mandatory Sentencing Act837 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Perspective and Mandatory Sentencing Act The classical perspective founded by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham; stated that at people choose to commit crime after they considered the pros and cons that could be associated with a crime, and believed that the pros outweighed the cons (Tonry,2014). The theory relied on deterring criminal acts by assuring that the consequences of crime are absolute, harsh, and quickly administered (Tonry,2014). Mandatory Sentencing Act Today, more than 2 millionRead MoreThe Sentencing Policies For Crimes1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhen America changed the sentencing policies for crimes, primarily drug crimes, in America, the effect this change would have in the poor communities were impossible to imagine. The policies which were changed to get tougher on drug crimes on the federal level followed with mass incarceration in the prison system. This was especially true with young African American males in largely poor communities. So these policies not only created a mass incarceration but also racially targeted certain raceRead MoreThe Severity Of Sentencing Guidelines3082 Words   |  13 Pages The Severity of Sentencing Guidelines in Relation to the Type of Drug By: Sunday Saenz FRNS 5653 Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences May 1, 2015 â€Æ' Introduction An illicit drug is actually just a drug that is being abused illegally. A few examples of some commonly heard of illicit drugs are cocaine, methamphetamine, and marijuana. However, not every illicit drug is actually illegal to possess. Prescription drugs, such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, and morphine are oftenRead MoreRape And Burglary As A Post Incarceration Supervision1730 Words   |  7 Pagesand burglary as strikes for purposes of imposing a life sentence without parole (Sutton, 2013). Mandatory minimums take away the discretion of the judge in sentencing. These officials are bound by statute to place offenders behind bars. Because these statutes are put into place, the judge is not allowed to hand down alternative punishments, nor do they give them the opportunity to prescribe treatment or a change to rehabilitate. Such laws also hold racial discriminatory factors (USSC, 2011). DeterminateRead MoreThe Federal Sentencing Guidelines Adopted1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthe high incarceration rates connected to cocaine sentences. This situation can be connected to the sentences that treat crack violations more harshly than those associated with powder cocaine. It is important to examine in the histories of this hostile guidelines in order to understand how they invited so much criticism, why they were so controversial, why they were so resistant to change, and how nonetheless occurred. The Federal Sentencing guidelines adopted in the United States in 1986 haveRead MoreImpact of Sentencing Guidelines2422 Words   |  10 PagesHead: THE IMPACT OF SENTENCING GUIDELINES The Impact of Sentencing Guidelines on the Criminal Justice System Talisha L Alexander Survey of Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts Abstract Our criminal-justice system has an obligation to impose just sentences. The United States Sentencing Commission is the result of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, part of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, which sought to change the federal criminal sentencing policy and practiceRead Moremandatory minimum sentence1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmay object to the sentence†. These mandatory sentencing laws however vary from state to state, and in other countries. In 1994 California introduced a policy called â€Å"3 strikes you’re out†, which meant after a third criminal conviction the arrested person would be sentenced to life in prison (Friedman 109). Soon after California enacted its policy, other states and countries also adopted similar policies. Since then other forms of mandatory sentencing have been established for example, in BritainRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Impact On The United States1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe current policy in use by the United States concerning illegal drugs is both outdated and unfair. This so-called war on drugs is a deeply rooted campaign of prohibition and unfair sentencing that is very controversial and has been debated for many years. The war on drugs is designed so that it will never end. This current drug was has very little impact on the overall supply of prohibited drugs and its impact on demand seems non-existent. United States’ taxpayers are spending billions of dollars

Violence Is The Unspoken Disease Of The World - 1335 Words

Aaron Breazeale C. Fridley ENG 1213 13 February 2017 Essay #1 Violence is the unspoken disease of the world. According to Christopher Mikton, the World Health Organization, is a leader in the study of violence in the world (Mikton, 45). WHO states that, an estimated 1.4 million deaths occur every year due to this â€Å"disease† (WHO). In Marilyn Manson’s â€Å"Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?† Manson elaborately explains how violence has consistently been the social normality (Manson). Mankind has become so desensitized to violence that it is used as a scape goat for everyday problems. Humans are unknowingly self-harming by being violent in nature. Violence no longer is no longer considered violence, it has become a source of entertainment. Violence†¦show more content†¦The cycle of being behind bars, is in part due to the concentration of violence within prison walls which reinforces criminal activity. As Dr. Kathryn McCollister, states in her paper The Cost of Crime to Society: New Crime-Specific Estimates for P olicy and Program Evaluation. The cost of housing, healthcare, and transportation of these inmates, cost the United States tax payers roughly $194 billion in 2007 alone (McCollister). This money that is spent on taking care of and maintaining inmates, could instead be used to better the environment which allows these inmates to be created. Violence is no longer considered violence, it has become a source of entertainment. Former employee, Megan Zlock, of iStratedgy Labs, says that violence is the easiest way to develop conflict for the narrative of a story. Violence is a proven tool for increasing sales and ratings. This is because violence causes stress hormones to be released, creating a sense of excitement (Yenigun). A recent study by L. Rowell Huesmann, professor at the University of Michigan, states that â€Å"†¦more than 60 percent of television shows contain violence† (Huesmann). Children who watch television shows containing violence, compared to those did not, were observed to be much more aggressive when interacting with peers. Studies have also shown that young adults who watched television shows on a regular basis,Show MoreRelated The Growing Trend of Sex and Violence in Media Today Essay examples692 Words   |  3 PagesDue to its unspoken nature within families, parents are often unaware of t heir child’s/children’s sexual activity. Only exposed to the attractive side of sex conveyed by the media, children do not receive appropriate education, resulting in teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. The saturation of sexual messages by the media would lead an outsider to believe that we are very permissive of sexual behaviour, yet the very opposite is taught at the family level. Violence in societyRead MoreThe Conflict in Terrance McNally ´s Lips Together, Teeth Apart1506 Words   |  7 Pagespublic toilet seat as a natural enemy. The pool is thus associated with disease and filth- -polio and public toilet seats. Why? In monologs from the characters it becomes clear there is an unspoken fear that the pool is contaminated. The house in which the couples are staying once belonged to Sally’s brother who recently passed from AIDS. Everyone is scared that by swimming in the pool they will also contract the deadly disease. Well that is everyone except John who has esophagus cancer and sees thatRead MoreMedia Makes The Rape Culture More Deadly1257 Words   |  6 PagesMcKenna Rex Ms. Chambers Adv. English 10 6 November 2015 Media Makes the Rape Culture More Deadly There are many things that go unspoken and put out of mind about until the worst happens, like mass shootings, fatal disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. At that point, a conversation begins about the safety and well being of others. Why is it not talked about without an incident in the public limelight? Our present media thrives on writing about the suffering of others, and become forgetful whenRead MoreThe Problems of Fetal Protection Laws1702 Words   |  7 Pageswill unravel the deeper problem with pregnancy rights and the tangled connections it has with thousands of other social issues. Fetal protection laws may begin with good intentions but only lead to a hierarchy in situations of abuse and violence. The unborn child is at the top of the charts when fetal protection laws are in place, its presence being perceived as the most innocent and therefore the most worthy of justice under the law. Pregnant mothers, as an afterthought, are placed beneathRead MoreGender Equality Is A Key Tool For Proceeding Development And Dropping Down The Level Of Poverty3131 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Humans are born to think, discover and learn many things in the world. They are social animals. Both females and males have the same brain, body and heart. Gender equality is also known as sex equality. It refers to the opinion that men and women attain to have equal conduct. Neither should be discriminated on gender biasness. This the most important motive of the United Nations of Human Rights, this pursues the generation of equality in rule and in social circumstances like inRead MoreBetty Ford and Her Time in Office1786 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially regarding controversial or unspoken topics such as breast cancer and contraception. Within weeks of moving into the White House, Betty announced to the world in an NPR interview that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer and undergone a mastectomy. Her decisive candor was truly revolutionary for such a prominent figure; never before had a first lady personally told America of her health struggles, and breast cancer in part icular had before been seen as a disease talked about exclusively behindRead MoreRape as a War Tactic in the Rwandan Genocide2035 Words   |  9 Pagesgenocide, a time when an extreme divide caused mass killings of Tutsi by the Hutu. Many tactics such as physical assault or hate propaganda are well known and often used during times of war. Sexual assault and rape, however, during times of war is an unspoken secret – it is well known that rape occurs within combat zones and occupied territories, but people tend to ignore, or even worse, not speak of the act. There have been recorded cases of rape and sexual assault in almost every war in human historyRead MoreWomen Are Victims Of Sexual Violence3761 Words   |  16 PagesRepublic of the Congo (DRC) are raped. This means that 1,100 women are victims of sexual violence on a daily basis (Counting Sexual Violence in the Congo). Such exorbitant cases of rape have earned the DRC its title as â€Å"the rape capital of the worldâ⠂¬  (Citation -http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8650112.stm). Nevertheless, Congolese conventions regarding gender roles have facilitated massive infliction of sexual violence, especially on behalf of soldiers. This incorporation of rape into the socioculturalRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade1889 Words   |  8 PagesFor over 2,000 years, slavery has been conducted in various parts of the world. From year 1500 to year 1900, Europeans stole individuals from West Africa, West Central Africa, and Southeast Africa and shipped them to the different parts of the Atlantic. This process dehumanized them of their identity. Europeans stole husbands, wives, merchants, blacksmiths, farmers, and even children. They removed them from their homelands and gave them new names: slaves. European slaveholders never thought to takeRead MoreFemicide: A Cause for Global Economic Concern?2937 Words   |  12 PagesFemicide: A Cause for Global Economic Concern? The definition of femicide is the killing of women and girls because of their gender; it may include methods of torture, mutilation, cruelty and sexual violence. Due to deep cultural traditions and premonitions, many nations- particularly third world countries- are facing a future where the sighting of a female in the community will be a rarity. In the past femicide has been closely associated with the ongoing gender based foeticide in India and China;

Information System of Tele-health Advanced and Secure System

Question: Describe about the Information System of Tele-health for Advanced and Secure System. Answer: Stakeholders Map Figure1: Stakeholder Mapping of Tele-Health (Source: Created by Author) Questionnaire The questions that are sending to the stakeholders include: What are the benefits that the customers get from the Tele- health systems? What are the problems that the users faces while using the Tele-health system? How the implementations of Tele-health system effect the life of the normal people? If people are not interested in the new system then how the Tele-health system gets affected? What changes are necessary for adopting the system in hospitals? Use case diagram and its description Use-Case: Figure 1: Use case diagram for information system of Tele-health (Source: Created by the author) Brief Description The Use Case Diagram is used in evaluating the information system of the Tele-health. There are three actors in the system drawn. The actors include doctors or instructors, patient or users and technical experts. The information system that is designed helps in measuring the blood pressure, weight, rate of the patients. The doctors or the instructors guide the patients about the operation of the Tele-health system by using different elements. The elements that are used by the doctor for guiding their patients include documentation, presentation, display of different graphics and medical images and many more. The users take the advantage or the guidance and by using the information that they have collected from the instructors operates the systems. The system is monitored by both the technical experts as well as the doctors. If any problem related with the health issues of the patients arises then it will be solved by the doctors. On the other hand, if any problems related with the ne twork of the system then it will be solved by the technical experts. Actor Brief Descriptions There are three actors in the use case diagram of the Tele-health system. The functions of the actors are described below: Doctors/ Instructors:The doctors or the instructors provide information to the users about the operations of the Tele-health system. The information as well as the guidance is provided to the users by using some of the elements. Patients/Users:The patients and the users use the guidance that is provided by the instructors for operating the system properly. They use the system for measuring blood pressure, weight, rate of heart beat and many more other diagnosis that are related with health issues. Technical Experts:The technical experts monitor the system of Tele- health. If any problems related with the network of the system then it is the task of the technical experts to solve those problems. Preconditions The Tele- health system have login and register button for the users. For operating the system, the users log in into their account. The system is created in order to secure the confidential information of the users. The register button is used by the new users for creating a new account if they are suffering from any heath related problems or wants to consult with a doctor. Basic Flow of Events The use case diagram help in evaluating the information system of the Tele-health system. The basic flows of events are as follows: Teaches or provides Instruction:The instructor or the doctor provides instruction so that the users or patients can operate the Tele-health systems properly. The instructions are provided in many ways and it act as guidance for the patients for operating the Tele-health systems. Provide document:The instructors or doctors provides in depth information about the operating of Tele health system so that the users does not face any problems in operating the systems. The patients measure their weight, blood pressure etc. The information data are stored in the information system and those diagnosis reports are provided to the patient in the form of document. Show Images:The doctors or instructor show images of graphics and medical reports in order to make the situation understanding to the patients. The images include information about the operations of the information system. Provide Instruction Video:The video shows the users or the patients the methods for operating the Tele-health system. The video is a useful resource as it clears the concepts of the users about the operating systems of the Tele-health. Monitor the system:The system of Tele-health is monitored by both the doctors and the technical experts. If any issues related with the health of the patients arise then it is solved by the doctors but if any network related problems arises then it resolved by the technical expert. If a user is unable to access the system due to network issue then it the task of the technical expert to solve the problem as soon as possible. Alternative Flows The Tele-health system has two alternate flows and they are discussed below: Navigational telecommunications: The system is used by the technical experts for communicating with the help of the audiovisual systems of the Tele-health. Solving problem: The problems of the patients are solved by the instructor or the doctor and they use various elements such as documentation and presentation. This element benefits the users by clarifying the doubts of the users. Sub-flows Present slides shows: The presentation of slide shows by the instructors or the doctors helps in clearing the concepts of the users about the operation of the Tele-health systems. Key Scenarios The Tele-health system must be designed in such a way so that there is proper video transmission. This will be helpful for the users or the patients because they do not have to face issues in understanding the methods and techniques for operating the Tele-health system. Post-conditions The users or the patients must log out from their account after using the system. It is important as well as necessary in order to maintain confidentiality. It helps in keeping the personal information and data of the users secure. Extension Points Navigational operations: The main function of the specialized group is to screens the navigational operations for helping the patients in order to resolve their issues. The communication channel of the information system of Tele health must be channelized and stabilized for proper communication. Special Requirements The Tele-health system must be designed in such a way so that there is proper video transmission. This will be helpful for the users or the patients because they do not have to face issues in understanding the methods and techniques for operating the Tele-health system. The system must be designed with high quality of transferring tools in order to enhance the speed of the system for benefitting the users or the patients. Use case Description for the element Provide Document The Tele-health system uses various elements in order to have a proper communication between the users and the instructors. Providing documents to the users is also very much important because it provides in -depth information about the operations of the Tele -health system to the users. The users or the patients use the information as a guide for operating the system properly. To avoid risks the patient must read the instructions properly from the document and then further proceed with measuring or diagnosis process. The users measure their weight, blood pressure and many more things in order to diagnosis various health issues and the results of those diagnoses get stored in the information system of the system. The doctors provide the results of those diagnoses in the form of documents. The users can collect those documents whenever they require them and this element act as a mode of communication between the instructors and the patients or the users. Bibliography Al-alshuhai, A., Siewe, F. (2015, November). An extension of the use case diagram to model context-aware applications. InSAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), 2015(pp. 884-888). IEEE. Baig, M., Gholamhosseini, H. (2013). Implementation of an advanced and secure system using wireless medical devices in healthcare settings. Hendy, J., Chrysanthaki, T., Barlow, J., Knapp, M., Rogers, A., Sanders, C., ... Newman, S. (2012). An organisational analysis of the implementation of telecare and telehealth: the whole systems demonstrator.BMC health services research,12(1), 1. Hilty, D. M., Ferrer, D. C., Parish, M. B., Johnston, B., Callahan, E. J., Yellowlees, P. M. (2013). The effectiveness of telemental health: a 2013 review.Telemedicine and e-Health,19(6), 444-454. Hossain, S., Karim, R., Sarma, D. (2014). Designing a Task Management System for a Banking System by Combining Relational Model with Use Case Diagram.International Journal of Computer Applications,108(8). McFeeters, S. K. (2013). Using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within a geographic information system to detect swimming pools for mosquito abatement: a practical approach.Remote Sensing,5(7), 3544-3561. Mueller, K. J., Potter, A. J., MacKinney, A. C., Ward, M. M. (2014). Lessons from tele-emergency: improving care quality and health outcomes by expanding support for rural care systems.Health Affairs,33(2), 228-234. Power, D. J., Sharda, R., Burstein, F. (2015).Decision support systems. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Reggio, G., Leotta, M., Ricca, F., Clerissi, D. (2014, January). What are the used UML diagram constructs? A document and tool analysis study covering activity and use case diagrams. InInternational Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development(pp. 66-83). Springer International Publishing. Russell, B., Smith, C., Valsecchi, R., Bck, M. A. (2015). System, society and dominance effects in the adoption of tele-health: A tri-country comparison.Economic and Industrial Democracy, 0143831X15579287. Saleh, J. E. A., Ningi, N. B., Bashir, D. B., Dahiru, H., Bello, I. M. (2015). Incorporating Tele-Health Into Disease Surveillance.Science,3(4), 583-587. Singh, A., Sharma, E. S. (2014). Functional Test Cases Generation Based on Automated Generated Use Case Diagram. Weiss, P. L., Kizony, R., Elion, O., Harel, S., Baum-Cohen, I., Krasovsky, T., ... Shani, M. (2012). Development and validation of tele-health system for stroke rehabilitation. InProceedings of the International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies, Laval, France.

Subway Business Plan free essay sample

As part of our evaluation of your application, please carefully answer the following ten questions. If you have partners that will be on the franchise agreement, please have them answer these questions too. All answers and information you provide will be held in strict confidence. 1) Have you ever owned a business before? If so, how many units? Also, please tell us more about your professional background and education. Please include a current resume or CV. -CV Attached 2) Provide a detailed description of how you see yourself as a SUBWAY franchisee. List your duties and responsibilities, both short-term and long-range. -As a subway franchisee I do not see myself as a business owner but as a member of a team that is willing to work hard in order to achieve the goals and targets we set ourselves according to our 5 year business plan. Duties and Responsibilities: making sure that -the food we serve is fresh and properly prepared using the correct methods the service we provide is quick and excellent the levels of hygene in the premises are always maintained the Finances are always in order any complaints are properly dealt with should there be any we take proper steps to ensure that the marketing strategy whether local or national is implemented properly we run local promotions from time to time to bring more customers in. We will write a custom essay sample on Subway Business Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the safety at work procedures at properly followed to avoid accidents at work place 3) Provide a summary of your ideas on employee hiring, training, motivating, and management techniques. -The first step in employee hiring is to recognize the Job Description. With that in hand we can place an advertisement in the local newspaper and media. we can invite potential candidates to send in their CVs via email to speed up the process Use a checklist for hiring an employee and when going through the various applications, resumes and cover letters. It helps us systematize our process for hiring an employee. -Screen all applicants against this list of qualifications, skills, experience, and characteristics. -Check background Information, refrences and credentials as well as criminal history. we need to pursue every avenue to assure that the people we hire can do the job, contribute to our growth and development, and have no past transgressions which might endanger our current workforce. One key factor in employee motivation and retention is the opportunity employees want to continue to grow and develop job and career enhancing skills. In fact, this opportunity to continue to grow and develop through training and development is one of the most i mportant factors in employee motivation Expand the job to include new, higher level responsibilities. Reassign responsibilities that the employee does not like or that are routine. Provide more authority for the employees to self-manage and make decisions. -Invite the employees to contribute to more important department or company-wide decisions and planning. -Provide more access to important and desirable meetings. Provide more information by including the employee on specific mailing lists, in company briefings, and in our confidence. -Provide more opportunity to establish goals, priorities, and measurements. -Assign the employee to head up projects or teams. Provide the opportunity for the employee to cross-train in other roles and responsibilities. Enable the employee to attend an internally offered training session. This session can be offered by a coworker in an area of their expertise or by an outside presenter or trainer. Ask the employee to train other employees with the information learned at a seminar or training session. Offer the time at a department meeting or lunch to discuss the information or present the information learned to others -Enable the employee to attend an external seminar, conference, speaker, or training event. Pay for the employee to take online classes and identify low or no cost online (and offline) training. 4) Explain your short-term and long-range goals if y ou become a SUBWAY franchisee. Tell us in detail how you plan on attaining these goals. 5) Provide a summary of your marketing plans for your SUBWAY business. Using a calendar, draw up a marketing schedule and budget for the first six (6) months of the operation. Discuss distribution sources, promotional offers and the anticipated costs. 6) Provide a detailed breakdown of all monies to be invested to open your SUBWAY restaurant. List the amount of non-borrowed cash and convertable cash-equivalents you have available; include your banks details, property(s) you own individually / jointly with current market value, and amount of any outstanding loans against each individual property. 7) SUBWAY wants to recruit the best people to become franchise owners. Why should SUBWAY consider you? 8) How soon do you want to invest in a SUBWAY franchise? 9) What is the targeted time frame you want to open your SUBWAY restaurant? 10) Are there any questions that we can answer for you? Thank you for taking time to answer these questions. Sachin Kapoor-DA Raj, Punjab